Wednesday, August 17, 2011

The Gaze of Art and Science: to See Is Not to Know, and Vice Versa

In her compelling and classic book On Photography, Susan Sontag raises the bar on the discussion of the intersection of science and art in drawing a direct relation to philosophical intent and technique: ?Some photographers set up as scientists, others as moralists. The scientists make an inventory of the world; the moralists concentrate on hard cases? (1977, p. 59). She relates the example of German portraitist and documentary photographer August Sander as the quintessential photographer-as-scientist, whose revelations of social archetypes through photography were perceived as uncontrived, objective, and seamless with reality itself.

This intent of scientism is said to be missing in the work of most American photographers, whose cultural landscape could not allow for a stable experience of nature, time, or events?thrusting the photographer into the realm of capturing a transitory state and, ironically, intensifying its fleetingness by the very act of photographing it. This chaos often translates into a harrowing beauty that appears too idiosyncratic to be pre-planned. However, Sontag argues that the grotesque specificity emanating from a photographic subject speaks more of the photographer?s individual preference for a single, biased, and therefore unscientific element of reality. As in the case of Diane Arbus, whose death by suicide 40 years ago was recently commemorated in an article in The Guardian, an obsession with freaks, deviants, and general human disturbance that at one time appeared hyper-realistic (to the point of being surreal) at the tragic end of her career seemed quite internally produced and personal.

Human organization and understanding of the outside world is an issue that has been heavily addressed by cognitive and social psychologists. Since the introduction of the concept of ?schemas? by Frederic Bartlett in 1932, research has continuously shown perception and memory to be more influenced by categories constructed in the past than by any creative or accurate interpretation of the present. People incorporate new pieces of information within existing frameworks of understanding. This cognitive bias lends itself to a positive stability of self and mind, but conversely enables negative pre-categorizations such as stereotypes.

In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, historian and philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn uses the similar concept of ?paradigms? to deconstruct the notion of complete objectivity in the sciences. Kuhn describes ?normal science,? or the science that is regularly carried out by scientists in their everyday work, as a practice that suppresses novelty and assumes the fundamental structure of the way the world works as one that is already understood. In order for true scientific progress to be made, a ?paradigm shift? must completely overthrow the schema previously used to organize a vast amount of information about reality (which in the absence of a paradigm would seem overwhelming and equally relevant to all other pieces of information). Authentic understanding and progress, even in the ?hardest? disciplines of science, therefore relies not on replication of results and procedures but on the destruction and creation of the theoretical underpinnings on which scientific research rests.

Thomas Kuhn presents the inverse of Susan Sontag?s photographer-as-scientist in his description of the scientist-as-artist. He incisively states: ?Like artists, creative scientists must occasionally be able to live in a world out of joint?elsewhere I have described that necessity as the ?essential tension? implicit in scientific research? (1996, p. 79). Based on this implication of chaos and tension as fundamental to discovering new pieces of the puzzle of science, it is difficult to determine whether Sontag?s ideal ?photographer-as-scientist? should be considered the dutiful and thorough portraitist August Sander or the dark, subjective, boundary-pushing Diane Arbus. After all, Arbus, in her articulation of a haunting pre-suicidal subjectivity, produced a paradigm shift from the conceptualization of ?photograph as reality? to ?photograph as art? and thus helped legitimize an entire medium of expression. Kuhn de-legitimized the understanding of science as implicitly including objective reality, leaving room for theory to de-stabilize rituals of practice and produce authentic innovation?something that is certainly prized in both artistic and scientific communities alike.

References:

Bartlett, F.C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge University Press.

Kuhn, T.S. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Sontag, S. (1977). On photography. New York: Picador.

Image Credits: ?Science Eye?: Alfredo Octavio, Barbara Katz.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=7ad1b0fc3a7816edb265a1a36a13b98d

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Single Parenting Made Simpler With Useful Advice ? home and ...

Single parenting is a complex endeavor. Discovering time to work with you child can be hard even as you try to do your best. The costs associated with raising children are handled with one income including health care, childcare and other costs and can pose a financial problem for the single parent. A worse situation is created if you find yourself unemployed. Now we will talk about some suggestion and ideas the will help you single parent.

A key issue for single parents if dealing with financial concerns. Bringing up a child on one income can be difficult after experiencing two incomes. A budget that lays out all of your expenses is key so you can adequately handle your life. Every now and then, relocating to a less affluent area, smaller home or apartment should be thought of if you need to make substantial changes. Use coupons, buy in bulk and buy used items to save money whenever possible. These aren't always choices we want to make, but it's preferable to not being able to pay the bills. As you become a single parent, changing careers may be necessary. A real career may be what you need. Some jobs work better for single parents than others you may consider. If your children get home from school by 3, a typical 9 to 5 schedule would not work. Nursing and other careers in medicine often offer flexible hours and should be pondered. Some jobs such as writing, web design, graphics, and online marketing may allow you to work from your home. A flexible schedule and a reliable source of income are two pivotal areas you should look for in a job when you are a single parent.

Single parents should be careful to avoid becoming isolated. While your children are constant companions, other adults should be present as well.

In a single parent household, there's no problem of two competing set of ideas about how the child should be raised. The children will often set one parent against the other in this scenario. More attention can be focused on the child when there is not another spouse. Often, husbands and children compete to get the most attention from the mother. Being a single parent isn't an ideal situation, but it does have it's advantages, so you may as well recognize and appreciate them.

In order to buy a home, start you own business or go back to school there are grants available. There are lots of different grants, and some of them are especially made for single parents. If you're considering college or a technical school, for example, look into every possible form of financial aid, including grants and scholarships. Financial stability is often the benefit of this investment. If you are currently renting, do not think buying a home is out of reach because of your income or credit because there are many programs to make it an easier route for single parents to pursue. Though you may not have thought of it, there are many other choices that could be made. In conclusion, while it isn't a breeze to be a single parent you have to deal with it and work with what you have. Everyone with children has problems so do not assume your situation is special. You must manage your single parent life with creativity and work with things as they come in order to enable your child to adapt to new situations.

Obviously, the state of your finances carries a strong impact on the standard of one's family life. If you don't have enough cash to make ends meet, a small bank loan can help. Seek advice from your neighborhood bank to find out more.

Source: http://homeandfamilyblogs.blogspot.com/2011/08/single-parenting-made-simpler-with.html

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Tuesday, August 16, 2011

Communication at workplace? | Business Tutorials, Courses and Articles

We are a shop who is selling clothes, however, I have figured that my (10) staffs have a lot of poor body language where they are just unable to communicate with the customers. This is not helping my business as the customers requests tends to unable to be answered. I would like to improve that drastically. However, how can I achieve that given the fact that I have already tried to classroom training and have even made them go to some motivational lectures. So are there are any ways like activities or even games?


Click link below to read full and original article

Communication at workplace?

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  3. What if Workplace Training Omitted Communication?
  4. Motivation ? Effective communication in the workplace
  5. Workplace Communication Skills ? Communication Workshop

Source: http://www.business4noobs.com/communication-at-workplace/

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The Boutique Food Sharia (talking-points-memo)

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Syrian gunboats fire on coastal city; 10 killed (AP)

BEIRUT ? Syrian gunboats firing heavy machine guns pounded impoverished districts of Latakia on Sunday, killing at least 10 people in a renewed assault on the Mediterranean coastal city, activists said.

As the gunships blasted waterfront districts, ground troops backed by tanks and security agents stormed several neighborhoods. The sharp crackle of machine-gun fire and loud explosions could be heard across the city.

The intense operations in Latakia, a key port city once known as a summer tourist draw, are part of a brutal government crackdown on several Syrian cities meant to root out protesters demanding the ouster of President Bashar Assad.

Latakia has a potentially explosive sectarian mix. Sunnis, which are a majority in Syria, live in the city's urban core, while Assad's minority Alawite sect, an offshoot of Shiite Islam, populates villages on the city's outskirts, along with small minorities of Christians, ethnic Turks and other groups.

The attacks on predominantly Sunni areas of Latakia, a city with a population of more than 600,000, raised concerns of sectarian bloodshed in a country that has already seen an alarming rise in sectarian tensions since the start of the uprisings.

On Saturday, at least 20 tanks and armored personnel carriers rolled into the city's al-Ramel district amid intense gunfire that sent many residents fleeing the area. Activists said at least two people were killed.

The al-Ramel neighborhood has seen large anti-Assad protests since the uprising against the regime began in mid-March. On Friday, as many as 10,000 people took to the streets there on Friday, calling for Assad's ouster.

After their initial assault on the city Saturday, Syrian security forces stormed several districts in Latakia again on Sunday.

At least ten people have died in the shooting, said Rami Abdul-Rahman, head of the London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the activist network the Local Coordination Committees.

Both groups said gunboats in the Mediterranean are taking part in the offensive, firing heavy machine guns at al-Ramel. A large number of people were wounded as a result of the indiscriminate firing on houses, they said.

The protests calling for the downfall of the Assad regime have grown dramatically over the past five months, driven in part by anger over the government's bloody crackdown in which rights groups say at least 1,700 civilians have been killed.

The government has justified its crackdown by saying it's dealing with terrorist gangs and criminals who are fomenting unrest.

The Syrian uprising was inspired by the revolts and calls for reform sweeping the Arab world, and activists and rights groups say most of those killed have been unarmed civilians. An aggressive new military offensive that began with the Muslim holy month of Ramadan at the start of August has killed several hundred people in just one week.

___

Zeina Karam can be reached at http://twitter.com/zkaram

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/world/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110814/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_syria

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The Cheap Dentist And Hungarian Dental Clinics :Fitness And Health ...

Saturday, August 13th, 2011 at 2:49 pm ?

The unsatisfactory diet is one of the most important reasons why the people are going to develop some truly unpleasant dental issues. The increased intakes of foods, which are rich on carbs, are going to make a contribution to the development of some actually unpleasant complications, like the development of the tooth erosion. The tooth erosion is going to lead directly to the destruction of the enamel of the tooth and this is going to be main reason which explains why the patient will have to have his tooth absolutely removed.

This is the reason why the patient is going to want the assistance of the dentist. Not many people have the proper earnings to go and see the dentist and for that reason the cheap dentist was made.

This person does possess the abilities and the information to control the oral hygiene issues known in the dental medicine. The oral care providers who work for less cash are going to impress you with the abilities and the patients that they possess. They?re going to work slowly but they?re going to fix your problem once and for all. Also, they want to work truly slowly because they don?t need to make a mistake, which is going to hurt the tooth further. Also, they don?t need to damage the alveolar nerve since this structure is sort of crucial for the entire result of the insertion of the teeth implants. That?s the reason why the inexpensive dentists actually need to guard this nerve.

The process for the insertion of the teeth implants is truly difficult, which means that the dentists need to be trained in a way they are going to be in a position to control this difficult process. If they don?t have the skills, they are going to hurt the patients oral health further. The tooth implants are going to help the people have all of their teeth again.

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